1. What is the Hydroelectric Power Equation?

The hydroelectric power equation calculates the potential power generation from flowing water. It's essential for designing small-scale hydroelectric systems for homes or communities.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the hydroelectric power equation:

Where:

• \( P \) — Power output (watts)
• \( \eta \) — Turbine/generator efficiency (0-1)
• \( \rho \) — Water density (typically 1000 kg/m³)
• \( g \) — Gravitational acceleration (9.81 m/s²)
• \( h \) — Head or vertical drop (meters)
• \( Q \) — Flow rate (m³/s)

Explanation: The equation calculates the theoretical power available from falling water, accounting for system efficiency.

3. Importance of Hydroelectric Power Calculation

Details: Accurate power estimation is crucial for determining feasibility of hydro projects, sizing equipment, and predicting energy output.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter efficiency as decimal (0.85 for 85%), use 1000 kg/m³ for fresh water, measure head vertically from intake to turbine, and calculate flow rate carefully.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's typical efficiency for small hydro systems?
A: Small systems typically achieve 50-70% overall efficiency (turbine + generator + pipe losses).

Q2: How do I measure head?
A: Measure vertical drop from water intake to turbine, not pipe length. Use GPS, surveying tools, or pressure gauge.

Q3: How can I estimate flow rate?
A: Methods include bucket-and-stopwatch, float method, or weir measurement. Professional assessment is best for accurate results.

Q4: What's considered a good site for micro-hydro?
A: Ideal sites have at least 2 meters of head and consistent year-round flow. More head compensates for lower flow.

Q5: Can I use this for pumped storage calculations?
A: Yes, but remember pumped storage has lower overall efficiency due to pumping losses.