1. What is Flow Velocity?

Flow velocity is the speed at which a fluid flows through a pipe or conduit. It's a fundamental parameter in fluid dynamics and pipe system design, representing how fast the fluid moves past a given point.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the basic flow velocity formula:

Where:

• \( Velocity \) — Flow speed (m/s)
• \( Flow\ Rate \) — Volumetric flow rate (m³/s)
• \( Cross\text{-}sectional\ Area \) — Pipe internal area (m²)

Explanation: The equation shows that velocity increases with higher flow rates and decreases with larger pipe diameters (which increase cross-sectional area).

3. Importance of Flow Velocity Calculation

Details: Calculating flow velocity is essential for designing efficient piping systems, ensuring proper fluid transport, preventing erosion, and maintaining turbulent flow when needed.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter flow rate in cubic meters per second (m³/s) and cross-sectional area in square meters (m²). Both values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's a typical flow velocity in pipes?
A: For water systems, 0.5-3 m/s is common. Higher velocities may cause erosion, while lower velocities may allow sedimentation.

Q2: How does pipe diameter affect velocity?
A: For a given flow rate, velocity decreases with the square of the pipe diameter (since area = πr²).

Q3: What units should I use?
A: The calculator uses SI units (m³/s and m²), but you can convert from other units before entering values.

Q4: Does this work for gases as well as liquids?
A: Yes, the basic velocity formula applies to both liquids and gases, though compressibility effects may need consideration for gases at high velocities.

Q5: How do I calculate area for a circular pipe?
A: Area = π × (pipe radius)². Remember to use radius (half of diameter) in the calculation.