1. What is Delta V?

Delta V (ΔV) is a measure of a spacecraft's capability to change its velocity. It's a crucial concept in rocketry and space mission planning, determining what maneuvers a spacecraft can perform.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Tsiolkovsky rocket equation:

Where:

• \( I_{sp} \) — Specific impulse (seconds)
• \( g_0 \) — Standard gravity (9.81 m/s²)
• \( m_{full} \) — Wet mass (kg) - mass with fuel
• \( m_{dry} \) — Dry mass (kg) - mass without fuel

Explanation: The equation shows how the velocity change depends on the engine efficiency (Isp) and the mass ratio of the spacecraft.

3. Importance of Delta V Calculation

Details: Delta V is essential for mission planning, determining if a spacecraft can reach its destination, perform orbital maneuvers, or return to Earth.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter specific impulse in seconds, wet and dry masses in kilograms. All values must be positive, and wet mass must be greater than dry mass.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a good delta V value?
A: It depends on the mission. Earth orbit requires about 9,400 m/s, Moon landing about 15,000 m/s, Mars missions 13,000-21,000 m/s.

Q2: How can I increase my spacecraft's delta V?
A: You can increase Isp (better engines), increase fuel mass, or decrease dry mass (lighter structures).

Q3: Why is there a natural logarithm in the equation?
A: The logarithm accounts for the diminishing returns of adding more fuel (as you need more fuel to carry the extra fuel).

Q4: What's the difference between vacuum and atmospheric Isp?
A: Engines perform differently in atmosphere vs vacuum. Always use the appropriate Isp for the flight phase.

Q5: Can I sum delta V values for multiple stages?
A: Yes, the total delta V is the sum of all stages' delta V values in a multi-stage rocket.