1. What is Impulse in Physics?

Impulse is a vector quantity defined as the integral of a force (F) over the time interval (dt) for which it acts. It equals the change in momentum of an object when a force is applied.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the impulse equation:

For constant force, this simplifies to: \[ \vec{I} = \vec{F} \times \Delta t \]

Where:

• \( \vec{I} \) — Impulse vector (kg·m/s)
• \( \vec{F} \) — Force vector (N)
• \( \Delta t \) — Time duration (s)

Explanation: The calculator computes both the impulse vector components and its magnitude from the force components and time duration.

3. Importance of Impulse Calculation

Details: Impulse is crucial in analyzing collisions, rocket propulsion, sports mechanics, and any scenario where forces act over time to change momentum.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter all three components of the force vector (x,y,z) in newtons and the time duration in seconds. Time must be positive.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's the difference between impulse and momentum?
A: Impulse is the change in momentum caused by a force acting over time (J = Δp). Momentum is a property of moving objects (p = mv).

Q2: How is impulse related to collisions?
A: In collisions, the impulse determines how much the objects' momenta change. The area under a force-time curve gives the impulse.

Q3: What if the force isn't constant?
A: For variable forces, you'd need to integrate the force function over time. This calculator assumes constant force.

Q4: Why is impulse a vector quantity?
A: Because force is a vector, and impulse inherits both magnitude and direction from the force vector.

Q5: What are typical impulse values?
A: Values vary widely: from 0.1 kg·m/s (gentle catch) to 100+ kg·m/s (sports impacts or car collisions).