1. What is Impulse in Physics?

Impulse is the integral of a force over the time interval for which it acts. It equals the change in momentum of an object when a force is applied.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator approximates impulse using:

Where:

• \( \vec{J} \) — Impulse vector (N·s)
• \( \vec{F} \) — Force vector (N)
• \( \Delta t \) — Time interval (s)

Explanation: For constant forces, impulse is simply force multiplied by time. For varying forces, integration is needed.

3. Importance of Impulse Calculation

Details: Impulse-momentum theorem is fundamental in analyzing collisions, rocket propulsion, and any scenario where forces act over time.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter force components in newtons and time in seconds. The calculator assumes constant force during the time interval.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: How is impulse different from work?
A: Impulse is force × time (vector), while work is force × displacement (scalar dot product).

Q2: What are typical impulse units?
A: Newton-seconds (N·s) or kg·m/s, which are equivalent to momentum units.

Q3: When is the simple F×Δt formula insufficient?
A: When force varies significantly during the time interval, numerical integration is needed.

Q4: How does impulse relate to collisions?
A: The area under a force-time curve during collision equals the momentum change.

Q5: Can this calculator handle 3D vectors?
A: Current version handles 2D; for 3D you would need to add a Z-component.