1. What is the Impulse Equation?

The impulse equation (I = Δp = F × Δt) relates the impulse applied to an object to the change in its momentum. Impulse is equal to the force applied multiplied by the time over which it acts, and also equals the change in momentum of the object.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the impulse equation:

Where:

• \( I \) — Impulse (kg·m/s)
• \( \Delta p \) — Change in momentum (kg·m/s)
• \( F \) — Force applied (N)
• \( \Delta t \) — Time over which force is applied (s)

Explanation: The equation shows that a small force acting over a long time can produce the same impulse as a large force acting over a short time.

3. Importance of Impulse Calculation

Details: Impulse is crucial in understanding collisions, safety mechanisms (like airbags), sports techniques, and rocket propulsion. It helps analyze how forces affect motion over time.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter force in newtons (N) and time in seconds (s). Both values must be positive numbers. The calculator will compute the impulse in kg·m/s.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: How is impulse different from force?
A: Force measures instantaneous push/pull, while impulse measures the total effect of force over time (force × time).

Q2: What are practical applications of impulse?
A: Airbags (increase Δt to reduce F), catching a ball (moving hands back increases Δt), golf swings (maximizing F and Δt).

Q3: How does impulse relate to momentum?
A: Impulse equals change in momentum (Δp = mΔv). Same impulse on different masses produces different velocity changes.

Q4: What are typical impulse values?
A: A 1N force acting for 1s gives 1 kg·m/s impulse. A hammer strike might be 100N for 0.01s = 1 kg·m/s.

Q5: Can impulse be negative?
A: Yes, if the force direction opposes the positive reference direction. The sign indicates direction of momentum change.