1. What is Impulse in Physics?

Impulse is a concept in physics that describes the effect of a force acting over time to change the momentum of an object. It is defined as the integral of force with respect to time and is measured in newton-seconds (N·s) or kilogram-meters per second (kg·m/s).

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the impulse equation:

Where:

• \( I \) — Impulse (kg·m/s)
• \( F \) — Average force (N)
• \( \Delta t \) — Time interval (s)

Explanation: This simplified version assumes constant force over the time interval. For variable forces, integration of the force-time curve is needed.

3. Importance of Impulse Calculation

Details: Impulse is crucial in understanding collisions, rocket propulsion, sports mechanics, and any situation where forces act over time to change motion.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the average force in newtons and the time interval in seconds. Both values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: How is impulse related to momentum?
A: Impulse equals the change in momentum (Δp) of an object, according to the impulse-momentum theorem.

Q2: What are practical applications of impulse?
A: Airbags (increasing time to reduce force), golf swings (maximizing impulse for distance), and rocket launches.

Q3: How does impulse differ from work?
A: Work depends on force displacement (F·d), while impulse depends on force duration (F·t).

Q4: Can impulse be negative?
A: Yes, when the force direction opposes the positive reference direction.

Q5: Why is the area under a force-time graph important?
A: It represents the total impulse delivered to an object.