1. What is Impedance?

Impedance (Z) is the total opposition that a circuit presents to alternating current. It combines resistance (R) and reactance (X) in a complex number format (Z = R + jX).

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the impedance formula:

Where:

• \( Z \) — Impedance (ohms)
• \( R \) — Resistance (ohms)
• \( j \) — Imaginary unit
• \( X \) — Reactance (ohms)

Additional Calculations:

• Magnitude: \( |Z| = \sqrt{R^2 + X^2} \)
• Phase Angle: \( \theta = \arctan(X/R) \)

3. Importance of Impedance Calculation

Details: Impedance calculations are essential in AC circuit analysis, filter design, impedance matching, and RF applications.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter resistance and reactance values in ohms. Reactance can be positive (inductive) or negative (capacitive).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's the difference between impedance and resistance?
A: Resistance opposes all current equally, while impedance depends on frequency and has both magnitude and phase.

Q2: How does reactance affect impedance?
A: Reactance (X) contributes to the imaginary part of impedance and causes phase shifts between voltage and current.

Q3: What does negative reactance mean?
A: Negative reactance indicates capacitive reactance, while positive indicates inductive reactance.

Q4: When is impedance purely real?
A: When reactance is zero (at resonance frequency for LC circuits).

Q5: How is impedance used in real applications?
A: For designing filters, transmission lines, antennas, and ensuring proper power transfer in AC systems.